Estamos pedindo para todas as frentes de ação e organizações humanistas para assinar uma petição pelo arquivamento de uma ação colocada contra a Bolívia pela multinacional de telecomunicações Euro Telecom junto ao ICSID (Centro Internacional para Acolhimento de Disputas em Investimentos), de cuja diretoria faz parte Robert Zoellick, presidente do Banco Mundial. O apoio à petição deverá ser enviado a sra. Sarah Anderson, do Instituto para Estudos de Políticas, Washington, DC, tel: (202) 234-9382 ramal 227 ("extension two two seven"), e-mail: saraha@igc.org.
Data limite para declarar apoio: 11 de janeiro.
Este documento também está sendo enviado para:
- Avaaz Internacional
- Conscious Media Network
- The World Can't Wait
- Senador Eduardo Matarazzo Suplicy (Presidente da Comissão de Relações Exteriores do Senado Federal)
Íntegra da explicação e do Documento:
Dear allies,
Caros aliados,
We are seeking organizational signatures for the letter below to the World Bank President. Last May, the government of Bolivia took a bold step towards challenging the excessive and anti-democratic powers of global corporations by withdrawing from the World Bank's investment arbitration court. That court is now refusing to respect the Bolivian government's actions and allowing an egregious case brought by a European telecommunications company to proceed.
We are seeking organizational signatures for the letter below to the World Bank President. Last May, the government of Bolivia took a bold step towards challenging the excessive and anti-democratic powers of global corporations by withdrawing from the World Bank's investment arbitration court. That court is now refusing to respect the Bolivian government's actions and allowing an egregious case brought by a European telecommunications company to proceed.
(Procuramos assinaturas de apoio de organizações para a carta abaixo endereçada ao presidente do Banco Mundial. Em maio passado, o governo da Bolívia deu um grande passo para desafiar os excessivos e anti-democráticos poderes das corporações multinacionais, retirando-se da corte de arbitragem sobre investimentos do Banco Mundial. Aquela corte agora está se recusando a respeitar as ações do governo boliviano e permitindo que vá adiante um egrégio caso trazido por uma companhia européia de telecomunicações.)
It is extremely important for international human rights and democracy advocates to speak out now to block this case and pressure the World Bank to create an independent panel to examine the concerns raised around the world about a system that grants excessive rights to international investors.
It is extremely important for international human rights and democracy advocates to speak out now to block this case and pressure the World Bank to create an independent panel to examine the concerns raised around the world about a system that grants excessive rights to international investors.
(É extremamente importante que os defensores dos direitos humanos internacionais e da democracia se pronunciem agora para bloquear este caso e pressionar o Banco Mundial a criar um painel independente com o fim de examinar as preocupações surgidas em todo o mundo sobre um sistema que permite direitos excessivos aos investidores internacionais.)
If your organization can sign, please send the following information to Sarah Anderson at the Institute for Policy Studies in Washington, DC: saraha@igc.org by Friday, January 11
If your organization can sign, please send the following information to Sarah Anderson at the Institute for Policy Studies in Washington, DC: saraha@igc.org by Friday, January 11
(Se a sua organização pode assinar, por favor envie a informação abaixo para Sarah Anderson, no Instituto para Estudos das Políticas em Washington DC: saraha@igc.org até sexta-feira, 11 de janeiro):
Name of organization and country
Name of organization and country
(Nome da organização e país):
Name of a representative of the organization and title for that person
Name of a representative of the organization and title for that person
(Nome do representante da organização e cargo da pessoa):
------------------------------ -------------------------------
Robert B. Zoellick, President, World Bank
World Bank
1818 H Street, NW
Washington, DC 20433
RE: Refusal to respect Bolivia's withdrawal from investment dispute court
Dear Mr. Zoellick:
We are writing to express our concerns and make recommendations regarding recent actions by the International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), whose Administrative Council you chair.
On October 31, 2007, ICSID registered a case against Bolivia submitted by Euro Telecom International, an Italian/Spanish/Dutch corporation. ICSID is preparing to constitute a tribunal for this case by the end of January 2008.
We find these actions objectionable for three reasons:
1. ICSID is allowing this case to go forward, despite the fact that the Bolivian government has withdrawn from the ICSID convention.
On May 2, 2007, the Bolivian government became the first in the world to withdraw its consent to allow ICSID to arbitrate disputes arising from investments in its territory. In taking this step, the government followed proper procedures in accordance with the ICSID convention and thus now denies that it is subject to ICSID jurisdiction. Determining jurisdiction in this case requires deciding on the meaning of the Convention itself regarding the rules of exit. This is not an appropriate question for an investment tribunal, particularly one that is associated with the World Bank, the administrator of the Convention.
The Bolivian government has also raised justifiable concerns about an investor-to-state dispute settlement system that allows private corporations to undermine democratic processes and places unjust financial burdens on governments, particularly in the developing world. The previous Bolivian administration spent five years fighting a case brought by Aguas del Tunari, a subsidiary of Bechtel, over a failed water privatization project. Although Bechtel eventually settled the case for a token sum, the Bolivian government incurred considerable legal costs, draining funds that could have been used to meet basic needs in South America's poorest country.
Recommendation: ICSID should respect the Bolivian government's decision and stop the ETI case from going forward. Failure to respect the Bolivian government's decision to withdraw from ICSID would only give further credence to the view that this is a system which undermines national sovereignty in favor of the interests of private corporations.
2. ICSID's moves appear designed to make an example of Bolivia, at a time when other countries are questioning the investor-to-state arbitration system.
On November 23, 2007, the Ecuadorian government notified ICSID that it would not accept its jurisdiction in cases stemming from disputes over nonrenewable resources. The Argentine government has also raised concerns over flaws in the system, after being hit by more than 30 investor claims in recent years, many of them in retaliation for actions taken to alleviate the pain of financial crisis on average citizens. Venezuela and Nicaragua joined Bolivia in a joint declaration criticizing ICSID on April 29, 2007, while the Australian government refused to accept investor-state dispute resolution in a 2004 trade pact with the United States.
Recommendation: ICSID/World Bank officials should treat these concerns seriously, rather than sending a signal that governments are trapped in this system — even if they take proper steps to withdraw. The World Bank should establish an independent review panel to examine how ICSID (and the investment treaties and trade agreements it enforces) undermines other international treaties that promote social, economic, and human rights, as well as developing countries' capacity to reduce external debts and achieve the Millennium Development Goals.
3. The subject of ETI's dispute, telecommunications regulation, is an issue with broad social implications that is inappropriate for an international commercial arbitration tribunal
Governments should have every right to ensure that the telecommunications sector meets social objectives, including universal, affordable access to services and sustainable employment. The World Bank, however, has consistently promoted privatization and deregulation as the only means of developing this (and most other) economic sectors. Thus, it is particularly inappropriate for ICSID to handle the ETI case, which stems from constitutionally sanctioned actions by the Bolivian government to ensure that telecommunications privatization benefits Bolivian society and to explore options for increasing the government's ownership share of the system.* It is also worth noting that although ETI claims that the Bolivian government has "destroyed the value" of its investment, the company continues to operate and generate profits in that country.
Recommendation: ICSID should decline to handle the ETI v Bolivia case, not only because Bolivia is no longer a party to the ICSID convention, but also because this matter would best be handled through domestic regulatory and legal remedies, as the Bolivian government has suggested.
Thank you for your attention to this serious matter.
Sincerely,
Initial Endorsers (alphabetical by country or region, as of 12 pm, Dec. 30):
Asociaciòn Moebius para una mejor calidad de vida, Argentina
Asociación POR EL DERECHO A VIVIR SIN VIOLENCIA, Argentina
UNI2 - Red juvenil No violenta, Argentina, Ecuador, United States
Humanist Party of Belgium, Belgium
Partido Humanista de Bolivia, Bolivia
Humanist Centre of Cultures, Canada
Red Ciudad Humana, Chile
Red Internacional por una Educacion Humanista (RIEH), Chile, Brasil, Peru and Colombia
European Region of the Humanist International, Europe - regional
Federacion Internacional de Apoyo Humano, Europe - regional
Humanist Party of France, France
Humanist Party of India, India
Associazione A Sud, Italy
Associazione Appoggio Umanista - onlus, Italy
Associazione Dialogo Roma - Onlus, Italy
Campaign for World Bank Reform (Campagna per la riforma della banca mondiale), Italy
Centro delle culture di Arezzo, Italy
Centro Umanista La Svolta, Italy
Ecologia e Cooperazione Onlus, Italy
Humanist Party of Italy, Italy
Psicologia del Nuovo Umanesimo, Italy
Frente Latinoamericano de Arte y Cultura Pachakuti Humanista, Latin America - regional
ANG KOMUNIDAD, Philippines
KAPISANAN NG TAO BILANG SENTRO, INC., Philippines
Asociación De Educación para la No - Violencia, Facultad de Educación UCM, Madrid, Spain
Asociación Humanista "Arbol de la Palabra", Spain
Asociación Humanista EL PUENTE - Madrid, Spain
Diàleg, Spain
Foro Humanista de la Salud (ForHum Salud), Spain
Xàrxa de l'Observatori del Deute en la Globaltizació (Debtwatch), Spain
Community for Human Development (De Gemeenschap voor Menselijke Ontwikkeling), The Netherlands
Humanist Movement (Humanistsche Beweging), The Netherlands
Transnational Institute, The Netherlands
Essential Information, United States
Global Exchange, United States
Institute for Policy Studies, Global Economy Project, United States
People Building Bridges , United States
Quixote Center, United States
Dialogo (Asociacion para promover el Dialogo entre Culturas y los Derechos Humanos), Uruguay
Contact: Sarah Anderson, Institute for Policy Studies, Washington, DC, tel: 202 234 9382 x 227, email: saraha@igc.org
cc:
Ana Palacio, ICSID Secretary-General
Franco Bernabè, CEO, Telecom Italia S.p.A.:
César Alierta Izuel, CEO, Spanish Telefónica
* Currently, ETI owns 50% of ENTEL, a company that provides more than 60% of the country's telephone services. The Bolivian government owns 47%, while individual investors control the remainder. ETI is incorporated in The Netherlands and wholly owned by another Dutch company, International Communication Holding (ICH) N.V. ICH is in turn 100% owned by Telecom Italia International N.V., also a Dutch company, in turn owned 100% by Telecom Italia S.p.A., an Italian company which is owned by Spanish Telefónica (42.3%), among others.
------------
Robert B. Zoellick, President, World Bank
World Bank
1818 H Street, NW
Washington, DC 20433
RE: Refusal to respect Bolivia's withdrawal from investment dispute court
Dear Mr. Zoellick:
We are writing to express our concerns and make recommendations regarding recent actions by the International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), whose Administrative Council you chair.
On October 31, 2007, ICSID registered a case against Bolivia submitted by Euro Telecom International, an Italian/Spanish/
We find these actions objectionable for three reasons:
1. ICSID is allowing this case to go forward, despite the fact that the Bolivian government has withdrawn from the ICSID convention.
On May 2, 2007, the Bolivian government became the first in the world to withdraw its consent to allow ICSID to arbitrate disputes arising from investments in its territory. In taking this step, the government followed proper procedures in accordance with the ICSID convention and thus now denies that it is subject to ICSID jurisdiction. Determining jurisdiction in this case requires deciding on the meaning of the Convention itself regarding the rules of exit. This is not an appropriate question for an investment tribunal, particularly one that is associated with the World Bank, the administrator of the Convention.
The Bolivian government has also raised justifiable concerns about an investor-to-
Recommendation: ICSID should respect the Bolivian government's decision and stop the ETI case from going forward. Failure to respect the Bolivian government's decision to withdraw from ICSID would only give further credence to the view that this is a system which undermines national sovereignty in favor of the interests of private corporations.
2. ICSID's moves appear designed to make an example of Bolivia, at a time when other countries are questioning the investor-to-
On November 23, 2007, the Ecuadorian government notified ICSID that it would not accept its jurisdiction in cases stemming from disputes over nonrenewable resources. The Argentine government has also raised concerns over flaws in the system, after being hit by more than 30 investor claims in recent years, many of them in retaliation for actions taken to alleviate the pain of financial crisis on average citizens. Venezuela and Nicaragua joined Bolivia in a joint declaration criticizing ICSID on April 29, 2007, while the Australian government refused to accept investor-state dispute resolution in a 2004 trade pact with the United States.
Recommendation: ICSID/World Bank officials should treat these concerns seriously, rather than sending a signal that governments are trapped in this system — even if they take proper steps to withdraw. The World Bank should establish an independent review panel to examine how ICSID (and the investment treaties and trade agreements it enforces) undermines other international treaties that promote social, economic, and human rights, as well as developing countries' capacity to reduce external debts and achieve the Millennium Development Goals.
3. The subject of ETI's dispute, telecommunications regulation, is an issue with broad social implications that is inappropriate for an international commercial arbitration tribunal
Governments should have every right to ensure that the telecommunications sector meets social objectives, including universal, affordable access to services and sustainable employment. The World Bank, however, has consistently promoted privatization and deregulation as the only means of developing this (and most other) economic sectors. Thus, it is particularly inappropriate for ICSID to handle the ETI case, which stems from constitutionally sanctioned actions by the Bolivian government to ensure that telecommunications privatization benefits Bolivian society and to explore options for increasing the government's ownership share of the system.* It is also worth noting that although ETI claims that the Bolivian government has "destroyed the value" of its investment, the company continues to operate and generate profits in that country.
Recommendation: ICSID should decline to handle the ETI v Bolivia case, not only because Bolivia is no longer a party to the ICSID convention, but also because this matter would best be handled through domestic regulatory and legal remedies, as the Bolivian government has suggested.
Thank you for your attention to this serious matter.
Sincerely,
Initial Endorsers (alphabetical by country or region, as of 12 pm, Dec. 30):
Asociaciòn Moebius para una mejor calidad de vida, Argentina
Asociación POR EL DERECHO A VIVIR SIN VIOLENCIA, Argentina
UNI2 - Red juvenil No violenta, Argentina, Ecuador, United States
Humanist Party of Belgium, Belgium
Partido Humanista de Bolivia, Bolivia
Humanist Centre of Cultures, Canada
Red Ciudad Humana, Chile
Red Internacional por una Educacion Humanista (RIEH), Chile, Brasil, Peru and Colombia
European Region of the Humanist International, Europe - regional
Federacion Internacional de Apoyo Humano, Europe - regional
Humanist Party of France, France
Humanist Party of India, India
Associazione A Sud, Italy
Associazione Appoggio Umanista - onlus, Italy
Associazione Dialogo Roma - Onlus, Italy
Campaign for World Bank Reform (Campagna per la riforma della banca mondiale), Italy
Centro delle culture di Arezzo, Italy
Centro Umanista La Svolta, Italy
Ecologia e Cooperazione Onlus, Italy
Humanist Party of Italy, Italy
Psicologia del Nuovo Umanesimo, Italy
Frente Latinoamericano de Arte y Cultura Pachakuti Humanista, Latin America - regional
ANG KOMUNIDAD, Philippines
KAPISANAN NG TAO BILANG SENTRO, INC., Philippines
Asociación De Educación para la No - Violencia, Facultad de Educación UCM, Madrid, Spain
Asociación Humanista "Arbol de la Palabra", Spain
Asociación Humanista EL PUENTE - Madrid, Spain
Diàleg, Spain
Foro Humanista de la Salud (ForHum Salud), Spain
Xàrxa de l'Observatori del Deute en la Globaltizació (Debtwatch), Spain
Community for Human Development (De Gemeenschap voor Menselijke Ontwikkeling)
Humanist Movement (Humanistsche Beweging), The Netherlands
Transnational Institute, The Netherlands
Essential Information, United States
Global Exchange, United States
Institute for Policy Studies, Global Economy Project, United States
People Building Bridges , United States
Quixote Center, United States
Dialogo (Asociacion para promover el Dialogo entre Culturas y los Derechos Humanos), Uruguay
Contact: Sarah Anderson, Institute for Policy Studies, Washington, DC, tel: 202 234 9382 x 227, email:
cc:
Ana Palacio, ICSID Secretary-General
Franco Bernabè, CEO, Telecom Italia S.p.A.:
César Alierta Izuel, CEO, Spanish Telefónica
* Currently, ETI owns 50% of ENTEL, a company that provides more than 60% of the country's telephone services. The Bolivian government owns 47%, while individual investors control the remainder. ETI is incorporated in The Netherlands and wholly owned by another Dutch company, International Communication Holding (ICH) N.V. ICH is in turn 100% owned by Telecom Italia International N.V., also a Dutch company, in turn owned 100% by Telecom Italia S.p.A., an Italian company which is owned by Spanish Telefónica (42.3%), among others.
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